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1.
Acta ortop. bras ; 21(6): 340-343, 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-689708

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Avaliar se a toxina botulínica tipo A (TB-A) tem efeito similar ao da ovariectomia (OVX) sobre os ossos com relação à densitometria mineral óssea.MÉTODOS: Um total de 51 ratas foi dividido randomicamente em três grupos de 17 animais cada. As ratas no primeiro grupo foram o controle, sem qualquer procedimento cirúrgico (Grupo 1). O Grupo 2 recebeu TB-A, enquanto o Grupo 3 foi submetido a OVX. Um total de 8 UI de TB-A foi injetado na região femoral direita de todas as ratas do Grupo 2. No início do estudo e 14 semanas depois, mediu-se a densidade mineral óssea (DMO) dos fêmures esquerdo e direito de todas as ratas em ambos os grupos.RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos com relação à DMO do início do estudo. Na 14ªsemana, a DMO dos fêmures direitos foi estatisticamente superior no Grupo 1 do que nos outros grupos, embora não houvesse diferença com significância estatística entre os Grupos 2 e 3. Os resultados médios da DMO dos fêmures esquerdos no Grupo 3 foram inferiores, com significância estatística, do que os resultados dos Grupos 1 e 2 na 14ª semana.CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados do presente estudo mostraram que a TB-A teve efeito similar ao da OVX sobre a osteoporose, no que diz respeito à DMO. Nível de Evidência I, Estudo Experimental, Controlado em Animais.


OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether Botulinum toxin-A (BTX-A) has a similar effect to that of ovariectomy (OVX) on bone regarding bone mineral densitometry.METHODS: A total of 51 female rats were randomly divided into three groups of 17 animals each. The rats in the first group formed the control group, without any surgical procedure (Group 1). Group 2 received BTX-A while Group 3 was subjected to OVX. A total of 8 IU of BTX-A was injected into the right femoral region of all rats in Group 2. At baseline and 14 weeks later, bone mineral densities (BMD) of the left and right femurs of all rats in both groups were measured.RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference between the groups with respect to baseline BMD. At the 14th week the BMD of the right femurs were statistically significantly higher in Group 1 than other groups, although there was no statistically significant difference between Groups 2 and 3. The mean BMD results of the left femur in Group 3 were statistically significantly lower than the results in Groups 1 and 2 at the 14th week.CONCLUSION: The results of the current study showed that BTX-A had a similar effect to that of OVX on osteoporosis regarding BMD. Evidence Level I, Experimental, Controlled, Animal Study.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Rats , Bone Density , Femur/surgery , Osteoporosis/diagnosis , Ovariectomy/adverse effects , Botulinum Toxins, Type A/adverse effects , Densitometry , Rats, Wistar , Data Interpretation, Statistical
2.
Indian Pediatr ; 2010 Oct; 47(10): 829-839
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-168667

ABSTRACT

Objective: Obesity is a growing worldwide health problem affecting both adults and children. Effective prevention and treatment modalities can be achieved by understanding the pathogenesis of obesity better. This review addresses some of the issues related to the hormones and cytokines taking part in the pathogenesis of obesity, energy balance and inflammation. Design: We reviewed current literature on this broad subject especially concentrating on the functions of the hormones and cytokines taking part in the pathogenesis of the childhood obesity. Using the key words “obesity, children, hormones, cytokines” publications and cross references were evaluated from PubMed database between 1957 and 2009. Results: In children, leptin and ghrelin are two hormones which have major influence on energy balance. Leptin is responsible from long term regulation of energy balance and ghrelin functions as an appetite stimulatory signal. In contrast to ghrelin, obestatin acts as an anorexigenic hormone by suppressing food intake. Adipokines secreted from adipose tissue are the key regulators of inflammation in obesity. Increased TNF-alpha and IL-6 levels but decreased levels of adiponectin and IL-10 are associated with increased inflammation, tissue injury and complications of obesity. Conclusions: Development, pathogenesis and complications of childhood obesity consist of complex mechanisms including numerous cytokines and hormones. New treatment modalities depend on understanding these complex mechanisms.

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